Lastly, marginalization occurs when the traditional culture is lost and there is no attachment to the dominant culture. Separation is the opposite of assimilation, where the total commitment is to the original culture and a rejection of the dominant culture. Assimilation comes about when there is a desire to become a member of the dominant culture and there is no attachment to the original culture. Integration occurs when individuals retain a value for their traditional culture but also desire participation in the dominant society.
3) John Berry and David Sam described four adaptational strategies that can be employed by individuals when cultural groups are faced with change (the usual paradigm of change occurs when a smaller group encounters or becomes immersed in a larger, more dominant cultural group). In the Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Boston, 1997, Vol. With increasing worldwide population and mobility, the opportunity for contact between cultures has increased substantially, thus increasing the potential for more rapid cultural change. Thus, while there may be an appearance of sameness, over the longer course, substantial changes can occur with the culture remaining substantially intact and individuals retaining a sense of belonging and good psychological health.Ĭultures rarely exist in isolation for any great length of time. In the normal course of events these changes are slow and likely may not even be recognized within the lifetime or cultural memory of individuals. There is not further consensus that cultures are static cultures arise to enable a group to adapt to the demands of their surroundings and, as the context changes, the form and content of culture will also change. Cultural disintegration, then, can have a dual impact: it can cause a cultural entity to cease to exist and can also have a disruptive effect on the emotional adjustment of the individual. The term culture has been variously defined, but there is general agreement that, whatever the concept entails, it serves as (1) the “glue” which keeps groups of individuals together as distinct entities, and (2) the means by which individuals adapt to the group and maintain a sense of identity and psychological stability.
0 kommentar(er)
